PlaytestCloud is trusted by thousands of producers, user researchers, game designers and others passionate about player experience at: Playtest your games after launch, enabling them to have long lifespans and to forge lasting relationships with players. (23) 4. When we invite you to a playtest, you'll find a link for that particular game in the email we send. This ensures that enough people play the game at the same time in order. Get started. PlaytestCloud. Sign up now. PlaytestClouds online platform lets mobile game developers upload their games and distributes them to a crowd of real testers. The task bubble will contain all the information in the text box on the right of the slide. Here you will find all the information about which types of games can be tested through PlaytestCloud, what the restrictions are, as well as answers to the most. Website Name – PlaytestCloud; Founder – Marvin Killing, Christian Ress; Date of Establishment – 1 October 2012; Location – Berlin, Germany; Pay Rate – $10 per hour; Payout Method – Paypal; Minimum Threshold – $0. PlaytestCloud's longitudinal studies are playtests that run for multiple days, simulating the experience new players have after downloading your game from the App Store or Google Play Store. . The "Most Likely Range". Now possible with our newest feature, Screener Surveys–rolling out to PlaytestCloud users starting today. For players, it's a chance to make some money on the side while improving mobile games! Game makers conduct playtests at every stage of the development; they need feedback. PlaytestCloud has been used by more than 45 of the top 100 grossing games currently. Here is a screenshot to show you what you need to look out for: In order to join, you'll need to have the PlaytestCloud recorder app installed on your device - fully updated - and some headphones at hand, ready to go for when the time comes! If you're not able to join the session, please let us know as soon as possible using the "Can't make it. com. Our players are screened and tested to determine their eligibility to become playtesters and their level of gaming skills and interests. The screenshot below shows the standard multi-session packages. The "Most Likely Range" represents values that. Just a fair warning to those considering or already engaged in using PlaytestCloud that they have now multiple times refused to pay me for my tests. Test any Android game on Google Play or by uploading a build (APK or AAB). Just upload your build, we and our panel of gamers will take care of the rest. Live Playtesting will allow you to playtest with players in real-time–be they from our 1. Participants for playtests are selected randomly from the pool of players matching the target audience. Last updated on August 23, 2023The review of playtestcloud. You can conduct a longitudinal study of your game with PlaytestCloud. PlaytestCloud 101. By clicking “Accept,“ you agree to our website's cookie use as described in our Cookie Policy. You will require to visit Become a tester. 1 article Playtester Video Library. If you don't respond quickly after getting the email other people would have already accepted it and it will be full. The email will include: The timeline of the playtest, so. playtestcloud. PlaytestCloud provides in-game video recordings, surveys, and reports which game studios use to craft a flawless game. Make sure that you talk throughout the whole recording. As you will need to have the PlaytestCloud app downloaded and ready on your device before you join, it’s best to ensure that you have that now. How much do PlaytestCloud employees make? Glassdoor provides our best prediction for total pay in today's job market, along with other types of pay like cash bonuses, stock bonuses, profit sharing, sales commissions, and tips. To run a concept test, login to your PlaytestCloud account and select Concept Test on the New Playtest page. Watch on. Yes, making $9 for 15 minutes of gameplay is possible, but the. 9 out of 5, based on over 35 reviews left anonymously by employees. To create your first account it’s quite simple. Once you’re logged into PlaytestCloud, simply click on New Playtest on the top menu bar and you’ll be presented with the below options. ”. 000. Sin embargo, solo hay 6 revisiones allí, por lo que no es un grupo demográfico lo suficientemente amplio como para darle a la empresa un buen consenso. 💡💡Click Here For Free Affiliate Marketing Training: htt. I've earned $155 so far, but only because I wasn't active for some time and just became active some. At PlaytestCloud, our mission is simple: to help companies make games that players love. Today, with usability testing being more important than ever, the existing solutions often can't keep up with the fast-moving gaming market. Record real gamers playing your game. The platform will generally pay a small bonus for talking for a certain duration of. PlaytestCloud doesn’t have an in-app wallet hence you’ll receive funds straight to your PayPal account one to three days upon accomplishing tasks. I think that the quality of my mic was pretty bad and I also think. After you qualify we’ll invite you to playtests where you can earn money. ago. We achieve this by using our playtesting software, which records both on-screen gameplay and what players say while playing (think-aloud testing). At PlaytestCloud we will always replace any video you deem unusable – either because of low audio quality or because of the incorrect player targeting. Click to chat. Our PlaytestCloud People Stories. Potential Income. How PlaytestCloud Makes Testing with Kids Simple. Company registration: Registered at the district court of Berlin Charlottenburg (Amtsgericht Berlin-Charlottenburg). They can also make iterative modifications depending on player input and data analysis. Check out our case study on how iterative testing with PlaytestCloud allowed Nitro Games to increase the tutorial completion rate to 90% for their game Heroes of Warland. Record real gamers playing your game. We've worked hard to make sure that game builds uploaded to PlaytestCloud "just work," and for the most part, you are on the safe side assuming that every Android or iOS app you drop into PlaytestCloud's upload form works on the player's devices just as expected. PlaytestCloud will send the Deliverables within 48 hours after receipt of the Order or any other timeline PlaytestCloud commits to during the order process. PlaytestCloud makes it easy to get started with a multi-session playtest. Use the app to: - Give feedback on mobile games, helping their creators make the best game they possibly can. 01; How to Join Play Test Cloud? Yes, it is easy and simple to join. If you fail the qualification test, don’t worry! You can retake the test. We will need: your first and last name, the name of whichever company or organization you represent, and a valid email address. The other five competitors in the top 10 list are playtestcloud. Playtesting and Games User Research Platform for Mobile Games | PlaytestCloud provides real insight into the player behavior in your games. Testers do not have an account that they can sign into, only a profile, so everything is communicated via. But you should also make sure to join other platforms, as you will not find a lot of tasks on PlaytestCloud. It's clear the choices of the. ». JPEG, PNG, MP4, MOV and more…. Sign up Record real gamers playing your game. Yippee! This is my first post here so I don't know if this will get removed since playtestcloud has been posted here many times, but I want to share my experience. com. AI-Powered Analysis: PlaytestCloud Unveils Game-Changing Feature in Analyzing and Understanding Mobile Game Playtest. We are, however, working on offering more playtests to our global player panel - so watch this space! We have recently conducted playtests for players in multiple other countries around the world. Becoming a Playtester ; How we contact youThe qualification test is unpaid. Click to chat. We work with you. The best place to start for those unfamiliar with how PlaytestCloud works. The estimated base pay is $30 per hour. User Jonflow says: “I got nearly $100 from them one month, they are legit. Here, PlaytestCloud worked in tandem with the team to collect player data through a blend of longitudinal and single-session playtests. . Make sure that you talk throughout the whole. 12 دقائق للقراءة. Because we make such a wide range of games at EA, we Playtest a huge range too! Every Playtest is unique from single-player run throughs, to group multiplayer. You can choose how many players you want, how long you would like them to play for, how many sessions of. This one was a bit more in-depth, asking more specific questions about project management and playtesting. The best place to start for those unfamiliar with how PlaytestCloud works. Receiving rewards through Tremendous - how does it work? My Tremendous reward has expired! What info will I need to provide to get my Tremendous reward card? Is it possible to set up a default method for receiving my Tremendous reward? 1. 9K visits in October 2023), testerup. Great for pre-production. To qualify for the Indie Pass, studios must have at most 15 employees, have raised less than $1 million USD in funding and have less than $1 million USD in annual revenue. Upload or share your build and set up your playtest on our order form as if you were placing an order using PlaytestCloud’s player panel. The tasks will only be featured in the app, not in the game itself. Select any playtest type and pick the "kids" option. At PlaytestCloud, we’ve based our entire existence on the mission of helping companies make games that players love – and, looking at the fact that we power playtesting for 45 of the 100 top grossing games in the. General. Simply set up a playtest as you normally would, input a few email addresses from your player panel, and add some details about rewards and deadlines. iOS Test any game on iOS via TestFlight or the App Store. Additionally, as this game hasn’t been confirmed to exist yet, we’ve removed it from the database. by Frogmind. Moderating is a skill that takes practice, but is an extremely valuable part of your research toolkit. But if you get invited, you are invited, rather than UserTesting where you might get screened out. We now have an app to make playtesting on your Android device easier! You can find it right here in the Play Store. Login; Sign up; Become a tester; Do you know what your players think? Start playtesting today with our free trial: 14-day access to Professional Plan features; A concept test on PlaytestCloud looks like a slide show. Just follow this link to our sign up page. Use the Player Retargeting feature to invite participants from Playtest A to Playtest B. Please ensure that you are entering the email address that you signed up to PlaytestCloud with. There are 7 acquired companies in the. PlaytestCloud updates software libraries weekly to benefit from the newest security patches. Founded in 2014, PlaytestCloud has since then helped reduce the churn and drop-out rates for thousands of mobile games, while improving user-experience and player enjoyment. To create your first account it’s quite simple. Products Playtesting User Research Services Player Interviews Multi-Session Playtesting Longitudinal Studies Concept. 25 stars from 2 reviews, indicating that most customers are generally satisfied with their purchases. Lots of survey options. 7K. Our contact methods; Toggle Search. Article: The PlaytestCloud Tester Code of Conduct; How Do I Upload My Playtest? Becoming a Playtester. It teaches you how to playtest. Just upload your build, we and our panel of gamers will take care of the rest. Get your first recording for free. The reason for this is, it pays relatively well and you don’t have to reach a threshold to withdraw your earnings. Once you sign up your free trial will begin. Administrator access to PlaytestCloud is secured by 2-Factor Authentication. You'll need the PlaytestCloud recorder app to join the playtest, so check that you have that. Please only record the games using designated PlaytestCloud software. . tester - PlaytestCloud GmbH - playtestcloud. You'll need the PlaytestCloud recorder app to join the playtest, so check that you have that. Special Pricing for Indie Studios: PlaytestCloud's Indie Pass. gearboxpublishing. Before your Live Playtest time slot you should: Download the latest version of the app from the download link in the email; Have headphones ready to use; As always, make sure you're in a quiet place where you won't be disturbed; Remember to turn on the Do Not Disturb function on your device; and. . Simply set up a playtest as you normally would, input a few email addresses from your player panel, and add some details about rewards and deadlines. Who are the players? What do players do in-game? Customize your playtest. With your consent, we may also use non-essential cookies to improve user experience and analyze website traffic. All Collections. The Platform matches Clients to Testers to perform and record game tests, remotely operated. At the bottom of the list are two open fields for you to add a new team member. This means that playtests can be sent to many timezones. Make sure that you talk throughout the whole recording. Review. Make sure that you talk throughout the whole recording. You can pick any type of gamer, from casual to hardcore, where they are, and even target by game or genre. Login into your PlaytestCloud account and browse through all available playtests, surveys and other research, joining and tracking your time on each one easily. Choose Pick players from previous playtests under How should we select players for your test?. Playtester support: [email protected] Review? Get my #1 Recommended Online Training Here: - this video:In this PlaytestCloud review. aab). Registration number: HRB 189710 B. New: Player Retargeting. Here's how to ace it and start playtesting!yo. The PlaytestCloud Indie Pass unlocks our powerful and easy-to-use playtesting platform — at a price you can afford. Set up your playtest as normal to the exact parameters that you'd like. Participants for playtests are selected randomly from the pool of players matching the target audience. 7/5. playtestcloud earn money become playtestcloud tester with ( payment proof) this is the new update on playtestcloud you can make money playing games for free. Just upload your build, we and our panel of gamers will take care of the rest. Positive reviews. How it works: Playtesting with Kids at PlaytestCloud. والسبب في ذلك هو أنه يدفع بشكل جيد نسبيًا ولا يتعين عليك الوصول إلى الحد. As you are talking in real time, there is no worry about forgetting feedback, as everything will be said as you think it. Written by Jake Rundell. breixopd. Pick exactly who should playtest your game. 0 on Sitejabber, 2. I've been play testing with them for about 4 years. At PlaytestCloud, we ensure that everyone has a voice. Supported in multiple countries. Playtesting your Marvel prototype. 000+ players across all genres and demographics. You can pick any type of gamer, from casual to hardcore, where they are, and even target by game or genre. Login into your PlaytestCloud account and browse through all available playtests, surveys and other research, joining and tracking your time on each one easily. Multifactor authorization. Test before you invest. If you mean they actually told you they were sending you a specific game to test, occasionally they just finish the testing before yours is sent out. Reporting your data. In short: we help game studios create better games! Our product has been used by more than 45 of the top 100 grossing games currently in the Apple App Store. We have all kinds of gamers signed up and you can target by age, gender, games, experience,. Here at PlaytestCloud, you know us as the platform that gives you the complete tool kit you need to collect all the data you can think of on how players interact with your game – before or after its launch. Out of the thousands and thousands of games released for mobile, multiplayer games dominate the top of the charts. PlaytestCloud has become central to the game development process at many mobile game studios – including large, small, indie, and one-person teams. PlaytestCloud cannot ensure that later versions of the Client Application sent to PlaytestCloud are used by the Testing Contractors for the Playtest Services. Record real gamers playing your game. Our PlaytestCloud review would be incomplete without covering the earning potential. This will be in use from November 8th and can be found in the App Store and Google Play Store. Log in to your UserTesting account, or sign up to create an account or to become a test contributor. Transcription. Playtesting multiple days of gameplay. We will be reviewing the entire recording! You may like to check out our tester code of conduct, which will explain. A) Testing videos / music within a concept test. English and translated on-screen subtitles that help your reach a wider audience of viewers. Although a couple of tests they took a few days (they were usually over the weekend) I gave them a few days, and wrote back that I didn't get paid and then I promptly was. Teamwork and collaboration. We have plans fit for. PlaytestCloud Review: Earn $10 Per Tested Game? (Truth Revealed)In this review video we are going to breakdown for you how to make money testing games on Pla. Steps to enable Facebook Login on PlaytestCloud. Make sure to leave the link set up as “can view”. Accept. The file types we now accept are: Video files: MP4, MOV, WEBM, AVI. All you have to do is: Choose your target audience from our gamer panel. An interviewer will join this remote in-app session. Select any playtest type and pick the "kids" option. Concept testing is a great way to test anything from the pre-game art style to brand new animations. 2. View all speech-to-text services. PlaytestCloud is your one-stop solution for playtesting mobile games during prototyping, development, soft launch, and after release. PlaytestCloud Response 2y. Record real gamers playing your game. Although these sessions can occur over multiple days like a longitudinal study, the main difference is in what each study focuses on–in this case the pauses. PlaytestCloud is a fantastic website for you to make money gaming. Enter the email addresses of people you want to invite to the playtest in the box provided. Login; Sign up; Become a tester; Player Interviews. Your opinion matters. We are an equal opportunity employer in every sense of the word. You'll need headphones and to record in a quiet place with no distractions or other people around. Currently, the game developers we work with are mainly interested in players from the USA, UK and Canada. The interviewer will ask questions about their gameplay and experience during the session. Để tải PlaytestCloud trên iOS, bạn có thể làm theo các bước sau: Truy cập vào App Store trên thiết bị iOS của bạn. If the microphone icon is red, it means it is on. Payments – How Much & When You Get Paid. Set up your playtest in less than 5 minutes. We use dedicated methodologies to examine the effectiveness of your onboarding processes. Android. All you have to do is: Choose your target audience from our gamer panel. Video Captions & Subtitles. All access to the PlaytestCloud platform is protected and secured through an encrypted connection to our servers (HTTPS). Page 1 of 14 Older Posts →. Follow steps 7-12 in Google’s guide . PlaytestCloud Rating. It's designed to help you to get an overview of what it looks like to carry out user research for mobile games. If you have any other questions about being a playtester, please get in touch with our Community Manager using the email above. 6. Page 1 of 14 Older Posts →. Therefore, please check the minimum requirements first to make sure PlaytestCloud: Be a Playtester is compatible with your phone. 000+ players, or you can bring your own players. They can alter game mechanics and controls to optimize the game’s flow and pace. Step 1: Download and Install NoxPlayer on your PC. Developers can also understand the thought process behind decisions being made in. 3K visits in September 2023, and closing off the top 3 is haydaygame. According to their site, you can earn approximately $9 for every 15-minute test session. Ranking the Digital World. Durability. For surveys involving complex questions like card sorting we are integrated with enterprise-class survey software. Overcoming your fear, and running your first Live playtest will start to develop your moderation muscles and unlocks a huge amount of valuable data to inspire creative decision making. 5. Once approved, you will have a couple of different options for earning money with PlaytestCloud. 7. It covers the principles and aims of playtesting, methodologies and approaches, player recruitment approaches and challenges, DIY approaches. Use the app to: - Give feedback on mobile games, helping their creators make the best game they possibly can. When you first sign up as a playtester, you'll get a qualification test. Pick exactly who should playtest your game. Here is the Download link for you – NoxPlayer Website. Login into your PlaytestCloud account and browse through all available playtests, surveys and other research, joining and tracking your time on each one easily. Founded in 2012 by two game-loving individuals, Christian Ress and Marvin Killing, the company aims to streamline the game-testing process and create a delightful. If you pull down your notifications on the Android phone, you will see that the APK file is being downloaded. User Jonflow says: “I got nearly $100 from them one month, they are. Optimize your game‘s engagement over the long run. Our project management team reads all of the special requests that come in when a game is delivered to us to be tested. Install it on your device; On the next page, enter the email address you used to sign up with PlaytestCloud and press "Request Log In Email" You’ll then receive your “Log in - PlaytestCloud: Be a Playtester” email. PlaytestCloud is a platform for game testing. Upload an iOS or Android build or link to your browser game. Player Interviews can even be used together with some of our other services–like sending invites to players who you have already playtested with thanks to our recently launched Player Retargeting feature! PlaytestCloud has recently added moderated tests to its toolkit, in addition to traditional unmoderated research. Open ended questions, single- and multiple-choice, ratings, scales, with or without images, and more. What is the new tester app called? Our new app for testers is called PlaytestCloud: Be a Playtester. Record real gamers playing your game. It offers access to a range of playtesting tools, including core playtesting services, additional playtesting services, in-game tasks, custom briefings, and transcripts. My Thoughts PlaytestCloud pays $9 for testing a game for 15 min; this is good, but On average, most playtesters will receive a new playtest invitation every other week, but this can vary. Sign up now. com; or. I’m a big fan of PlaytestCloud, and they are trusted by many studios of all sizes for their mobile testing expertise. 30 articles Tester Code of Conduct. In the "Specify your target audience" section. Our PlaytestCloud People Stories. Open the official website and download the software. Chapters: 00:00 -Getting Started with PlaytestCloud. The estimated total pay for a Game Tester at PlaytestCloud is $5,314 per month. If you’re making games for kids, you might have found it hard. When you talk out loud while you are playing your feedback will accurately reflect exactly what you are thinking and feeling in that moment. Here is an. We power playtesting for 45 of the 100 top grossing games in the App Store. pl (266K visits in October 2023. This will be alongside everything else you need to know about the test, such as how long you need to record for and what the reward will be. - Record your gameplay and think out loud feedback. io is a prototyping tool that allows you to build interactive prototypes for iOS and Android. Dependency Management. Currently playing Half-Life: Alyx and Gears 5. Next, in the same pop-up menu make sure you have turned on your microphone. Login; Sign up; Become a tester; Do you know what your players think? Start playtesting today with our free trial: 14-day access to Professional Plan features; 2 free Video Tokens (1-2 players) Professional support and advice; These. From conceptualizing playtests to reporting on them, our experts are here to help. Date of experience: May 27, 2022. PlaytestCloud pays via Paypal, and payments are processed three times per week. It has an overall earner score of 3. These emails will include a survey to provide us with additional information about yourself and your gaming habits. PlaytestCloud makes it easy to get videos of people playing your game, thinking out loud while they do – and getting started with your first playtest is easier than you might think. We believe PlaytestCloud is legit. Instead of relying on PlaytestCloud’s player panel, you can add anybody to your playtest via their email address, allowing more flexibility to meet your playtesting needs. – Christian & Marvin. Not quite sure what you mean. Based on our combined research and user reviews, PlaytestCloud seems to be a good earning opportunity. شرح PlaytestCloud: صادق؟. Luckily, there's an easy way to configure your account so that your finance team (or whichever email address you specify) will be automatically copied in when you receive new invoices. PlaytestCloud GmbH, Otto-Suhr-Allee 145, 10585 Berlin, Germany (“PlaytestCloud”) has developed a software platform and service (the “Platform”) that enables PlaytestCloud Clients to run game tests and surveys for mobile and browser based games. Watch on. So, if you want to ask a player a follow-up question, it's possible to ask them directly with the Ask the player more questions button in the player tab of the video player. 000. The key feature of PlaytestCloud is the ability to see your game through the eyes of your target audience – before launching your game. Steps to enable Facebook Login on PlaytestCloud As part of preparing your game for a playtest, we automatically re-sign your application with our own Android certificate. If you fail the qualification test, don’t worry! You can retake the test. Setting up a concept test is similar to all other PlaytestCloud playtests. PlaytestCloud is your one-stop solution for playtesting mobile games during prototyping, development Page · Software Company Otto-Suhr-Allee 145, Berlin, GermanyRemote playtesting for mobile & browser games done right. If you'd like to become a playtester, the first thing you should do is head over to our sign up page here. Email. com. If you mean they actually told you they were sending you a specific game to test, occasionally they just finish the testing before yours is sent out. Learn how the team at Playdots used PlaytestCloud to improve their IAP Conversion. . This can completely change the nature of the game experience for the players, since now instead of getting footage of them playing your game in an unmoderated, natural replication of real world gameplay, you are holding their hands as they play. For extra security and features, an optional SDK is available. Since the site doesn’t have a minimum withdrawal amount, you can receive as little as $5 into your PayPal account. From here you can set up your preferred device orientation and where the task bubble will appear. Login to PlaytestCloud, click on the menu (circled in red) on the right side of the navigation bar, and then click on the Team management option: In the team management settings, you will see your team members listed in chronological order. We let the right target audience test your game. Log in to your UserTesting account, or sign up to create an account or to become a test contributor. . In Google Suite, set up the attribute mapping for Email , First name and Last name as described on the PlaytestCloud settings page. Longitudinal playtests take place over a specified number of days, and require 1 recording session to be recorded each day. The First-Time User Experience determines whether players have a good first impression, and is the most important opportunity for you to provide a firm basis for the principles of how to play - and enjoy - your game. . com with 62. Faça login em sua conta PlaytestCloud e navegue por todos os playtests, pesquisas e outras pesquisas disponíveis, juntando e acompanhando seu. If at any point you no longer wish to receive emails from us, you are welcome to opt out by contacting us at labomontreal@ubisoft. Our team comes. Please ensure that you are entering the email address that you signed up to PlaytestCloud with. With PlaytestCloud, players test games in their natural environment and think-aloud while playing. Login into your PlaytestCloud account and browse through all available playtests, surveys and other research, joining and tracking your time on each one easily. For you, it's a chance to make some money on the side while improving mobile games!UPDATE – 16/12/2021: PlaytestCloud has reached out to us with the following response: This was a false alarm, the list of games in our signup form has no connection to any games tested on PlaytestCloud. Overview. First-Time User Experience is crucial. The estimated total pay for a Game Tester at PlaytestCloud is $30 per hour. Steve Bromley on Live Playtesting, Become A PlaytestCloud Pro 25 May 2023. 💡 IMPORTANT: Your team will need a Premier or Enterprise Level subscription on Survey Monkey in order to get your survey to work with our platform, as survey completion redirects aren't available at lower subscription tiers. PlaytestCloud uses a layered approach to securing your games and keeping your testing confidential. If your testing scenario requires people to sign in. If you do that you should have no problem. English. Most Testers will receive 2-4 surveys per month so this is by no means a way to earn a lot each month. With PlaytestCloud you can get feedback on your prototypes in the same way you would when playtesting games or concept tests with us. In my PlayTestCloud Review, I will show you the positives and negatives of playing games for money. Type: Company - Private. Player Retargeting opens a whole new world to better understand why players play the way they do, how they feel about your game, and. Not only can playtesting enable a better end product for your game through real feedback. Unlock the insights that will lead you to success with the playtesting platform used by 60% of the studios behind the top 100 grossing games on the App Store. JPEG, PNG, MP4, MOV and more…. ) Login into your PlaytestCloud account and browse through all available playtests, surveys and other research, joining and tracking your time on each one easily. The upload will finalize when you have stopAccording to PlayTestCloud, you can expect to receive about $9 for 15-minute playtests whenever you qualify to try a new game. Actually, it's a little known fact that PlaytestCloud provides a way to get additional answers from the players who test your games. After you qualify we’ll invite you to playtests where you can earn money. PlaytestCloud has 69 active competitors and it ranks 9th among them. Who Are The Players. Login; Sign up; Become a tester; Do you know what your players think? Start playtesting today with our free trial: 14-day access to Professional Plan features; 2 free Video Tokens (1-2 players) Professional support and. .